Reliabilitythis experiment is reliable as it is repeated three times to maximize the consistency of the experiment and eliminates any abnormalities. Liquids can be described by their properties of color, texture and viscosity. This can be written f a dv dx 1 where f is the internal friction of viscosity between layers of area a and is known as the coe cient of viscosity of the liquid and has units n. The vi scosity shear viscosity of a newtonian liquid is normally measured by a relati ve technique in an instrument calibrated using a liquid of known viscosity. In this experiment, bitumen was poured into a glass funnel and the rate at which the bitumen drips through the funnel has been monitored subsequently. Viscosity races investigating the flow of liquids experiment. Accepted values of the dynamic viscosity of some selected liquids and gases for temperature of 20. Determination of viscosity of organic solvents procedure.
Highly viscous liquids, like motor oil or molasses, take much longer to flow from their container than a relatively low viscosity liquid, like benzene or diethyl ether. To determine the coefficient of viscosity of organic liquids. Friction between the molecules in a liquid causes viscosity. The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. The corn syrup was pretty good too, but our hearts are pretty light. The rating of engine oils therefore is based on a factor known as kinematic viscosity.
To directly measure the viscosity and density of selected liquids. The accuracy of measurements of viscosity of liquids. Viscosity is a tensorial quantity that can be decomposed in different ways into two independent. To demonstrate the principles of poiseuilles law and stokes law.
The liquid viscosity is highly affected by the heat. D s viswanath brings together viscosity data, experimental methods, theoretical, and correlation and predictive procedures. A liquid is a state of matter that can flow and can take the shape of its container. The excel spreadsheet program from the companion website viscosityofliquid. Experiment v viscosity of oil by the rotating cylinder method. Evaluation data that supports or discounts the hypothesis the order of the liquids viscosity discounts the hypothesis as the result and the hypothesized order are different. It is defined as the internal frictional resistance of a liquid to the application of a pressure or a shearing stress. View lab report viscosity lab report from ce 320 at new jersey institute of technology. Do not use start button on the stopwatch click stop button on stopwatch when liquid reaches label d. Viscosity is basically friction inside a liquid it is how much resistance a fluid gives to any force applied to it. Viscosity is a thermodynamic variable varying as a function of pressure and temperature. Friction at the molecular level viscosity is, essentially, fluid friction. The time of flow of liquid under test is compared with time required for the liquid of known viscosity, the viscosity of unknown liquid. In this practical we will show you how to determine the coefficient of viscosity of water by poiseulles method.
Apr 23, 2012 viscosity races making science fun for kids says. They will design an experiment that investigates the rela. Ce 320a lab 1 11 lab experiment 1 viscosity of liquids objectives. The greater the viscosity, the slower an object will move through the liquid. Determination of viscosity by using ostwaldtype, suspended. The kinematic viscosity however will not be constant at a given temperature. Simple viscosity experiment for kids little bins for. Dec 03, 2017 viscosity races investigating the flow of liquids experiment how to test viscosity of liquids what you need ketchup, mustard, molasses, corn syrup, and spaghetti sauce, honey, bbq or any other. As pressure increases the relative movement of molecules requires more energy hence viscosity increases. Generally speaking the viscosity of a fluid increases only weakly with pressure white, 2003.
Table c3 in appendix c shows the viscosity of liquid, and figure 33 shows the plot of viscosity of water between. But why are some liquids thick while others are thin. Equation 1 is known as newtons law of viscous flow2. Theory, estimation, experiment, and data this book is unique in that it brings together published viscosity data, experimental methods, theoretical. Kinematic viscosity is the dynamic viscosity divided by the density units m 2s. Practical to determine viscosity of water by poiseulles method. To quantify viscosity, we will imagine our bulk fluid as consisting of a number of very. Viscosity, resistance of a fluid liquid or gas to a change in shape, or movement of neighbouring portions relative to one another. Viscosity tells us the resistance of a fluid on which a force is acting. Mark show label for seeing the labels note the flow time on the stopwatch.
The viscosity decreases with an increase in temperature. The common practice is to calibrate viscometers by a stepup technique, using a series of instruments and test fluids, based on the viscosity of water. Supplies needed 4 clear glass jars of the same size we used pint sized mason jars 4 marbles read more. In the mks system the unit of viscosity is nsm2 whereas in the cgs system the unit of viscosity is the poise 1 poise 1dyneseccm2. The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate the principles of poiseuilles law and stokes law, to directly measure the viscosity and density of selected liquids, as well as to show how temperature affects the viscosity of fluids. This book provides an understanding of why various methods are used for measuring viscosity of different types of liquids and why an experimental method is dependent on fluid characteristics, such as newtonian or nonnewtonian fluids. In this experiment we will use stokes law and the concept of terminal velocity to determine the viscosity of glycerin.
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress. The dimensions of viscosity are force per unit area divided by velocity gradient as in eq. This book provides an understanding of why various methods are used for measuring. The concept of viscosity is wellknown in everyday experience, liquids with low viscosity such as water are said to be thin, on the other hand. Viscosity of fluids physics astronomy project topics. Of all the fundamental properties of a fluid, viscosity has the most influence on engineering behavior. Viscosity races is a great experiment investigating viscosity for ages 5 and up. Molasses, for example, has a greater viscosity than water. Weve done viscosity experiments before by letting the liquids flow down an inclined board. Fluids with lower viscosity are referred to as thin liquids and those with higher viscosity as thick liquids. In the case of fluid flow in a tube d is the diameter of the tube, and for laminar flow nr must be less than about 2000, i. Can be calculate the relative viscosity by the relationships. Heat is energy of random motion at the molecular level, so to have any understanding of how this energy. Geophysical journal international 1988, 92 1, 99105.
One of the c oauthors, professor viswanath, coauthored a book jointly with dr. Like friction between moving solids, viscosity transforms kinetic energy of macroscopic motion into heat energy. Texture liquids can feel sticky, gooey, slippery, or watery to the touch. For fluids, it basically refers to how thick a fluid is. Most liquids suffer the exponential relationship seeton, 2006 between temperature and viscosity rather than linear form fig. In everyday terms and for fluids only, viscosity is thickness. Even if we poked them down into the corn syrup, they would slowly rise up over time. In liquids the viscosity increases as the temperature decreases so that, in addition to the viscosity of the liquid, the temperature at which the viscosity was measured must also be mentioned.
The reciprocal of the viscosity is called the fluidity, a measure of the ease of flow. Temperature can have a major effect on the value of the viscosity of a fluid. The viscosity of newtonian fluids is affected by temperature, pressure, and, in the case of solutions and mixtures, by composition. Natarajan data book on the viscosity of liquids in 1989 which mainly presented collected and evaluated liquid viscosity data from the literature. In this viscosity experiment we attempt to refine the procedure by comparing fluids by dropping a marble through them. To determine coefficient of viscosity of water by poiseuille. Use a stopwatch to time a falling sphere, and compare results with the photoelectric timing method. Viscosity is commonly referred to as the thickness of a liquid. Oct 09, 20 weve done viscosity experiments before by letting the liquids flow down an inclined board. In gasses, viscosity increases with temperature, due to the. The more viscous the fluid, the more sensitive it is to the temperature change. Gt viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress. The duplicated experiment shows similar results on the same set of experiment.
Viscosity coefficient of a liqud by stokes method experiment. Nov 04, 2016 viscosity coefficient of a liqud by stokes method experiment coefficient of viscosity using stokes method youtube mech props experiment viscosity stokes m. Simple viscosity experiment for kids little bins for little. All liquids appear resistance to flow change from liquid to another, the water faster flow than glycerin, subsequently the viscosity of water less than glycerin at same temperature. Viscosity is a tensorial quantity that can be decomposed in different ways into two independent components. Transport properties of liquid metals and viscosity of the earths core. Basic viscosity experiments compare the viscosity of different liquids, the shape. Experiment v viscosity of oil by the rotating cylinder. Glycerine, honey, and corn syrup have much higher viscosities than water or alcohol. Measure the viscosity coefficient of a liquid using falling sphere method. A job may obligate you to constantly enhance the expertise as well as encounter. Viscosity coefficient of a liqud by stokes method experiment coefficient of viscosity using stokes method youtube mech props experiment viscosity stokes m. In this lesson and lab, students will learn about the reasons for varying viscosity in liquids.
Experiment 1 viscosity measurement purpose the purpose of this experiment is to measure the viscosity of a glycerinwater mixture with a thomasstormer viscometer. Most of the refrigerants have a liquid phase dynamic viscosity below 1 cp and the refrigerant under consideration in the present study r718 has a dynamic viscosity of 0. Theory, estimation, experiment, and data 2007 edition pdf viscosity of liquids. A weight, w, is used to drive a rotor that is partially submerged in a sample of liquid. Newtons law of viscosity, pressure and temperature. Determination of viscosity of liquid using ostwald viscometer.
Viscosity 5 viscosity coefficients viscosity coefficients can be defined in two ways. For this experiment, we are going to test how marbles behave differently based on the type of liquid they are dropped into. Viscosity stokes law objective calculate the viscosity of glycerin. For streamlined flow of a liquid through a tube the volume rate of flow, q, is given by. Viscosity is the thickness of a liquid or its resistance to flow. Handbooks commonly quote viscosity in centipoise 1 cp 0. Viscosity stokes law viscosity is a property of uids liquids and gases which determines how much resistance is experienced by an object trying to move through the uid. These values are then divided into ranges and then sae ratings. Our favorite liquid for this viscosity was the hair gel extra hold gel. Kinematic viscosity is the dynamic viscosity divided by the density typical units m2s, stokes, st. Have a viscosity race, using different liquids down a board. This meant it is reliable and testing the problem in this experiment which is discovering a liquid s viscosity.
The theory on the viscosity of liquid in relation to time supports the hypothesis as the theory was proven correct in the result as liquids with high viscosity such as honey and shampoo have slower timing while. Thus, water is thin, having a lower viscosity, while honey is thick, having a higher viscosity. A curious example of a very highviscosity liquid is illustrated by the pitchdrop experiment currently being performed at the university of queensland, australia and other locations. Brings together viscosity data, experimental methods, theoretical, and correlation and predictive procedures. The effect of pressure and temperature on the viscosity of gases is illustrated in fig. Apparatus graduated glass cylinder 50cm long steel ballbearings conical flask stopwatch micrometer digital balance magnet attached to a string procedure the viscosity of a liquid can be measured using a viscometer. Kinematic viscosity in turn is the ratio between dynamic viscosity absolute viscosity and the density of the liquid. Ce 320a lab 1 lab experiment 1 viscosity of liquids objectives. Viscosity of liquids theory, estimation, experiment, and. Viscosity races investigating the flow of liquids experiment how to test viscosity of liquids what you need ketchup, mustard, molasses, corn syrup, and spaghetti sauce, honey, bbq or any other.
The constant k of the instrument is determined on a liquid of known viscosity. Theory, estimation, experiment, and data 2007 edition. The experiment is a simple way to explain and measure the viscosity of a liquid. Properties of liquids worksheet the homeschool scientist. This is also a great opportunity to practice drawing and using tables, as well as making predictions beforehand. As is well known, the viscosity of gases and its variation with temperature has received a satisfactory explanation on the basis of molecular theory. Dynamic viscosity, also absolute viscosity, the more usual one typical units pas, poise, p. With this model it is possible to explain the crossover from a simple liquid to cooperative liquid and the divergence of viscosity near the.
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